default of claimant and defendant in iranian and french civil procedure

claimant and defendant’s presence has different consequences and sanctions if the legislator said that their default is not an obstacle for proceeding. current remedy is annulling the claim or default judgment. this remedy is different in the previous islamic law and our past laws and french law. the notion of presence in islamic law is personal presence and so is different from its current notion. in french law, it is possible to judge, known as default judgment, about claimant but there are many ways of default judgment in litigation or enforcement proceeding in order to reduce default judgment. also our past laws may be studied in different aspects. we can emphasize that having many default judgments and accepting the opposition easily is not necessarily in accordance with claimant or defendant’s rights.